Bargaining for Success: Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Unions and Student Achievement

While many previous studies have identified a positive relationship between teachers unions and student achievement on standardized tests, little research to date has explored the channels through which unions might actually affect achievement. Utilizing multilevel random intercept models, we examine the effects of two categories of items commonly negotiated in teacher contracts—“industrial union” items and “professional union” items—on individual student math scores. Further, we assess the ability of these two clusters of variables to explain the positive union effect found in previous research. The results confirm that teachers unions are positively associated with student achievement and suggest that the industrial model explains moderately more of the union effect than the professional model; however, only the combination of both models is capable of reducing the union effect to nonsignificance. These findings are also confirmed in a supplemental analysis utilizing instrumental variables to account for the possibility of endogeneity. Finally, a decomposition of the union effect suggests that teachers unions are most beneficial to middle‐ and high‐achieving students. We conclude that through industrial and professional bargaining, teachers are able to secure higher salaries, credentialing, and greater autonomy which lead to improved student achievement.     

教师职业忠诚与学校人本管理

稳定的教师职业忠诚是一种宝贵的教育资源，爱岗敬业是教师职业忠诚最显著的特征。然而，当前教师职业忠 诚度在教师队伍中整体上呈衰减态势，有的教师甚至发生职业疏离与异动，原因虽然是多方面的，但学校管理缺乏对教师的人 文关怀也是其重要的一种原因。领导者确立新的教师观与教师管理观；无私地放弃自己某些特殊权利；智慧地践行多种人本 化管理措施，是学校管理提升教师职业忠诚的应有之举。     

和合故能谐:重构当代教师的师生交往观

基于交往行为理论，建构了以真实性、正当性及真诚性为核心的师生交往评价体系，并据此进行课例分析和文献分析，明确了当前师生交往失效问题的根源在于教师在教育教学中固有的主导地位，即教师常常作为师生交往的言语者。失效的师生交往，正是源于教师漠视与学生建立沟通的正当秩序，忽视学生世界的客观知识基础以及教师对自身主观世界经验的表达失真。为调和成年人世界和未成年人世界的对立，实现有效的师生交往，对哈贝马斯"有效交往"的概念进行本土化改造，提出"和合故能谐"的观点，并以此重构当代教师的师生交往观。     

电子校务在地方高校考务管理中的应用现状及对策

电子校务是国家电子政务建设的重要组成部分，是学校应用现代信息化通信技术、借助互联网对管理和服务进行的优化和创新，电子校务在高校中的应用虽然取得了一定的成效，作为教务管理模块中的考务管理却鲜有被涉及。课程考试是我国高校教务管理工作中的一项重要工作，考务管理则是保证对学生进行有效考核的基础。因此，如何利用先进管理理念和信息化技术手段对考务管理模式进行优化，提高高校人才培养质量，已成为高校亟待研究、解决的问题。     

提升中小学生阅读兴趣的实证研究——基于MIMIC模型的教学效能分析

提升学生的阅读素养是当前我国阅读课程教学改革的重要目标之一。本研究首次尝试将群文阅读这种新兴的阅读教学方式与传统的单本阅读教学方式进行对比研究，主要从提升学生阅读兴趣的效能方面进行分析与探讨。实验涉及我国中西部5个省市、6个区县共计1 231名中小学生，并使用MIMIC模型，在有效控制测量误差的基础上，对实证数据进行了量化建模与分析，通过分析发现，群文阅读教学对激发学生阅读的“情境兴趣”有更加显著的作用，具体表现为对学生阅读注意力、情感体验、探索意愿、价值感知的影响更大，同时也验证了Knogler提出的“情境兴趣模型”在阅读教学领域的适用性，从而为进一步推进我国中小学阅读课程教学改革提供了科学的数据支撑。因此，为提升中小学生阅读素养，在阅读教学中引入群文阅读这一新兴的教学方式，具有重要的实践价值和现实意义。     

‘Car Talk’: automobility and Chinese international students in Michigan

The apparent conspicuous consumption of luxury vehicles by Chinese international students attending a public Michigan University provides an opportunity to examine the convergence of different ideas about automobility. Upwardly mobile Chinese families send their children to Michigan, a state with a tradition of auto-production, for educational opportunities not available in China. The resulting ‘car talk’ of local residents about Chinese students and their cars speaks to broader anxieties about Michigan’s shifting relationship to the global economy. However, the paper focuses on the meanings of auto-owning created by Chinese students who make decisions about the purchase and use of their autos within a social world oriented primarily to other Chinese students and societal ideas about auto-owning circulating among friends, family and society in China. For Chinese students, car owning encompasses meanings of status, safety and sociability that are created within the context of study abroad.     

大学生学科文化自信培育的价值逻辑及路径探析 ——以河北工程大学地球科学与工程学院为例

学科文化是学科的灵魂，是学科不断发展创新的精神源泉和内在动力。学科文化自信是文化自信的重要组成部分，培育大学生文化自信应着眼全局，整体推进。学科文化自信与文化自信具有统一性，与核心价值观培育具有同构性，与担当民族复兴大任具有生成性。培育大学生学科文化自信，要深入挖掘和整合学科文化内涵，不断创新和发展培育手段，最终达到浸润和形塑博学自信的新时代大学生的目标。学科文化自信的培育可以达到激发学生学术热情，促进学生和学科全面发展，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，坚定理想信念以及践行使命担当的效用。     

Inclusive education policy provision in South African research universities

The 4-A Framework suggests that all inclusive education systems must be available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable. South Africa is committed to establishing an inclusive education system that does not exclude students with disabilities. South African university disability policies translate the imperatives of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities into institutional mandates that govern the implementation of inclusive education. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent disability policies at South African research-intensive universities addressed the markers contained in the 4-A Framework. The framework was reworked and operationalised for the higher education context, and expanded to include a fifth marker, namely affordability. A deductive thematic analysis, using a protocol based on the five markers, was used to analyse these policies. Results indicate that, of the five markers, affordability was not sufficiently addressed. Various disclaimers also limit policy provisions related to other markers.     

中年级小学生笔迹工整性与自信心的关系研究

中文笔迹特征与人格特质关系密切，为了研究中年级小学生笔迹的工整性与自信心的关系，采用罗森博格《自信心量表》和中文笔迹评定材料对125名中年级小学生进行测试。结果发现：（1）中年级小学生自信者和自我感觉平常者比重大，约占95%，自卑者和超级自信者比重小，约占5%；(2)自信心和笔迹工整性正相关显著（r=0.24,P<0.05)；（3）笔迹工整性对自信心具有预测作用，笔迹工整性可解释自信心9.3%的变异（R2=0.093)；(4)笔迹工整性存在显著的性别差异(F=41.62,P<0.05)，男性笔迹得分的平均分显著低于女性。可以得出：（1）中年级小学生自信心状况整体良好；（2）受测者笔迹越工整，自信心越高；（3）笔迹工整性对自信心具有预测作用；（4）性别影响笔迹工整性，男生的笔记工整性不如女生。     

Exploring the intersection of transnationalism and critical race theory: a critical race analysis of international student experiences in the United States

International student mobility to the United States (US) has increased over the past two decades. Despite the increase in numbers, international students may experience racism, nativism, and other forms of discrimination within the US context. Much of the existing literature focus on how international students can assimilate and cope with these issues rather than interrogating the systems of oppression that create negative student experiences. Thus, we utilized critical race theory (CRT) as a framework for interrogating how international student experiences are portrayed in current literature. Although CRT is grounded in US-based legal theory, we argue that CRT must move beyond the rigid confinement within US borders and expand to consider how transnationalism and global exchange contributes to the fluidity and applicability of this theory. We also provide recommendations for critical race praxis, with an emphasis on implications for practice, theory, and future research.